Diversity and isolation parameters of endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis of different habitats / 药学学报

In order to determine the differences in structure and optimum isolation conditions of Glycyrrhiza uralensis endophytes from different habitats, plate-separation method was used to identify endophytes in G. uralensis from Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Beijing. The isolation parameters were defined by investigating various concentrations and sterilization time of NaClO solution. The strains were identified by morphological and molecular biological methods. The results showed that 5% NaClO solution and sterilization time of 5 min were the optimal surface sterilization conditions. Among 129 strains of G. uralensis from 5 producing areas, 438 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated and belonged to 5 orders, 7 genera, and 11 species. Among them, 4 taxa were firstly isolated from the licorice in China. Fusarium was a common genus among the 5 regions. There were differences in the composition and structure of the endophytic fungi of G. uralensis from different habitats. Diversity analysis showed that the endophytic fungi diversity in Gansu was the highest and that of Beijing was the lowest. The comprehensive analyses indicated that the endophytic fungi of G. uralensis are diverse, and there were differences among the number, composition and population of endophytic fungi in five producing areas of Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Beijing.

Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-associated encephalopathy / 解放军医学杂志

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse brain dysfunction caused by sepsis, characterized by no central nervous system infection. The main clinical manifestations are the changes of mental state and consciousness level, which were associated with sepsis. The early clinical manifestations of SAE are not specific and can not be diagnosed in time, resulting in prolonged hospitalization, increased disability rate, higher mortality, and cognitive dysfunction after discharge. Currently, the commonly used auxiliary diagnostic methods of SAE include assessment of the conscious state, biochemical examination, electrophysiological examination and neuroimaging studies. This paper reviews the diagnostic methods and treatments of SAE, so as to deepen the understanding of SAE and improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatments of SAE.

Sources of varieties and quality of circular Fructus Ligustri Lucidi / 中国天然药物

This study aimed to trace sources and quantitatively analyze the specnuezhenide content of circular Fructus Ligustri Lucidi for clinical use. Different specifications of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi were identified using DNA barcoding technology and the specnuezhenide content was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The ITS sequence of circular Fructus Ligustri Lucidi was identical to that of standard privet, which was determined through botanical identification. ITS sequence similarity between circular Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi which was registered in NCBI ranged from 99.5% to 100%. The sequences of circular and other Fructus Ligustri Lucidi were clustered in a Neighbor-Joining tree with bootstrap value of 95, and these sequences could be distinguished from adulterants. Conforming to pharmacopoeia standard, the average specnuezhenide content of circular Fructus Ligustri Lucidi was higher than that of chicken waist Fructus Ligustri Lucidi. Circular Fructus Ligustri Lucidi derived from Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and the specnuezhenide content was higher in circular Fructus Ligustri Lucidi than that in chicken waist Fructus Ligustri Lucidi.

Resource situation investigation and analysis about endangered Chinese herbal medicine Daphnes Cortex / 中国中药杂志

In order to figure out the status and distribution of the wild and cultivated resources of traditional Chinese medicine Daphnes Cortex, its suitable habitat and endangering factors were analyzed to provide the basis for its rational use, protection and cultivation.Our research group tooka resources survey in Shanxi, Gansu, Sichuan and Qinghai provinces, which include 23 counties. Investigation and sampling investigation combined with interview were carried out. The total reserve of resources was estimated through route-quadrat method in combination with the vegetation and soil-type map area method. The results indicated that there was no obvious change between the present distribution ranges of the wild Daphnes Cortex and its historical records, but the density of the population has undergone major changes. The wild reserves resources has declined seriously, even on the verge of exhaustion in some regions. According to the survey results, the current total reserve of the wild Daphnes Cortex in the four provinces was no more than 600 tons. Simultaneously, we only found the cultivated resource in a mountain at an altitude of about 2 800 m in Kang county of Gansu province, which cropping scope was about 33 000 m². The cultivated resource can't provide medicinal products at present, because their growing period is too short to have curative effect. Destructive excavation and the longer growth cycle result in a sharp decline of the wild resources reserves, even to the point of extinction. Artificial cultivation of product will become the main source of medicinal resources in the future. Therefore, we must protect its suitable habitat, formulate rational harvesting policy, strengthen the supervision of government departments, collect and establish the germplasm nursery and seed bank. On the basis, we must carry out studies into seed-selecting and breeding as well as rapid propagation and growth technology at once.

Effect of exogenous brassinolide on morphological characters and contents of seven chemical constituents of Glycyrrhiza uralensis / 中国中药杂志

The transplants of the two-year-old Glycyrrhiza uralensis were subjected to four concentration of brassinolide (BR 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0 mg•L⁻¹) in July. The morphological characters ( plant height, stem diameter, nodes number, internode length and root length , root thick, root fresh weight and root dry weight ) were measured and seven kinds of chemical constituents (glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin apioside) were determined by HPLC with the aim of increasing sinter output and improving quality of G. uralensis. Then the long-term dynamic changes of these morphological characters and chemical compositions' content were analyzed. The results showed that morphological characters of plant height, stem diameter, root length , root thick, root fresh weight and root dry weight increased remarkably with the 0.7 mg•L⁻¹ BR stimulating 2 months later,the increase rates were： 15.09%,6.15%,16.52%,8.46%,21.90%,29.41%, respectively. The content of glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin apioside were increased 20.16%,45.31%,53.56%,27.66%,23.54%,8.46% with the 0.7 mg•L⁻¹ BR stimulating 2 months later. The best effects were achieved in 2 months after brassinolide stimulating. The conclusions prove that morphological characters and the main chemical constituents accumulation of G. uralensis could be effected by exogenous BR stimulation in certain case.

Interaction relationship between secondary metabolites in Glycyrrhiza uralensis at condition of short-term exogenous glycyrrhizic acid simulation / 中国中药杂志

In order to study the interaction relationship between secondary metabolites in Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and find out which secondary metabolite is significantly related to the content of glycyrrhizic acid, artificial applying ammonium glycyrrhetate solution was used to establish a high glycyrrhizic acid environment. The change of the 4 secondary metabolites was analyzed within 72 h after glycyrrhizic acid stimulation, while correlation statistical soft was applied to analyze the correlation of glycyrrhizic acid and other compositions. It turned out that it is feasible to establish high glycyrrhizic acid environment by glycyrrhizic acid root soaking in the concentration of 1.0 mmol x L(-1). There was significant positive correlation between glycyrrhizic acid and liquorice glycosides in short-term glycyrrhizic acid stimulation environment. It is concluded that glycyrrhizic acid accumulation internal of G. uralensis could be effected by artificial exogenous glycyrrhizic acid stimulation in certain case, and its accumulation was significantly related to the content of liquorice glycosides.

Mechanism of genuineness of Glycyrrhiza uralensis based on SNP of β-Amyrin synthase gene / 药学学报

β-Amyrin synthase (β-AS) genes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis from 6 different regions were analyzed by PCR-SSCP and sequenced, then the correlationship between β-AS SNP and regions of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were determined. According to the 1 coding single nucleotide polymorphism on the first exon of β-AS gene at 94 bp site, Glycyrrhiza uralensis could be divided into 3 genotypes. In these genotypes, the percentage of 94A type in genuine regions was much higher, and it had significant differences with the percentage in non-genuine regions (P < 0.001). The results of the experiment proved that different β-AS genotypes at 94 bp site from different regions may be one of the important reasons to result in the genuineness of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

DNA barcoding identification of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix based on trnL-trnF sequences / 中国中药杂志

To optimize indices of molecular identification for authentication of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, four indices, including sequence similarity, specific positions, genetic distance and phylogenetic tree, were compared based on trnL-trnF sequences. Total DNA was extracted from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, and trL-trnF sequences were amplified and sequenced. Sequence similarity was calculated by BLAST analysis. Specific positions were compared by DNAman software. Genetic distance and phylogenetic tree were analyzed by Mega software. The results showed that the inter-specific and intra-specific similarity of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius respectively was 100% and 99. 6%. There were four specific positions at G153A, T463A, C732G and T818C. The inter-specific genetic distance (0) of trL-trnF sequences was lower than intra-specific genetic distance (0. 004). P. ginseng can be distinguished from P. quinquefolius based on the phylogenetic tree. It is concluded that Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix can be authenticated by identification indices of sequence similarity, specific positions, genetic distance and phylogenetic tree. Index of specific positions based on trnL-trnF sequences is the most efficient index to authenticate Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix.

Influence of sleep deprivation on endocrine function and energy metabolism / 第二军医大学学报

Sleep plays an important role in the modulation of endocrine function and energy metabolism; hormone levels are markedly different during a sleepless night compared with a night of normal sleep. Sleep deprivation may change the levels of cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and thyrotropin (TSH) at night. In addition, sleep curtailment disturbs the balance of anorexigenic (leplin) and orexigenic (ghrelin) factors, and does harmful to glucose tolerance.

Influence of sleep deprivation on endocrine function and energy metabolism / 第二军医大学学报

Sleep plays an important role in the modulation of endocrine function and energy metabolism;hormone levels are markedly different during a sleepless night compared with a night of normal sleep.Sleep deprivation may change the levels of cortisol,growth hormone(GH)and thyrotropin(TSH)at night.In addition,sleep curtailment disturbs the balance of anorexi- genic(leptin)and orexigenic(ghrelin)factors,and does harmful to glucose tolerance.

Sleep disorder and pain / 第二军医大学学报

Sleep is a common physiological phenomenon of animals.We may have different kinds of sleep disorders in our daily life,such as difficulty falling asleep,insomnia,hypersomnia and changes of sleep patterns,etc.Pain is a subjective response of the body to stimuli of certain degrees.Sleep disorders are closely related to pain:pain can interfere with people's normal physiology and psychology conditions and affect individual's sleep;different kinds of sleep disorders can affect the body' s sensitivity to pain.The relationship between pain and sleep disorders has become one of the most common causality in clinical research.In this paper we summarizes the pathophysiological relation and mutual influence between pain and sleep disorders.